MAI-UI: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents.

📖 Background

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B, and 235B-A22B variants. We identify four key challenges to realistic deployment: the lack of native agent–user interaction, the limits of UI-only operation, the absence of a practical deployment architecture, and brittleness in dynamic environments. MAI-UI addresses these issues with a unified methodology: a self-evolving data pipeline that expands the navigation data to include user interaction and MCP tool calls, a native device–cloud collaboration system that routes execution by task state, and an online RL framework with advanced optimizations to scale parallel environments and context length.

🏆 Results

Grounding

MAI-UI establishes new state-of-the-art across GUI grounding and mobile navigation.

• On grounding benchmarks, it reaches 73.5% on ScreenSpot-Pro, 91.3% on MMBench GUI L2, 70.9% on OSWorld-G, and 49.2% on UI-Vision, surpassing Gemini-3-Pro and Seed1.8 on ScreenSpot-Pro.

Mobile Navigation

• On mobile GUI navigation, it sets a new SOTA of 76.7% on AndroidWorld, surpassing UI-Tars-2, Gemini-2.5-Pro and Seed1.8. On MobileWorld, MAI-UI obtains 41.7% success rate, significantly outperforming end-to-end GUI models and competitive with Gemini-3-Pro based agentic frameworks.

Online RL

• Our online RL experiments show significant gains from scaling parallel environments from 32 to 512 (+5.2 points) and increasing environment step budget from 15 to 50 (+4.3 points).

Device-Cloud Collaboration

• Our device-cloud collaboration framework can dynamically select on-device or cloud execution based on task execution state and data sensitivity. It improves on-device performance by 33% and reduces cloud API calls by over 40%.