LilTii-v0.1

Model Summary

LilTii-v0.1 is a decoder-transformer natively pretrained in Bengali. LilTii is part of the Polygl0t initiative to advance language models for low-resource languages.

Details

• Architecture: a Transformer-based model (llama)
• Size: 670,127,616 parameters
• Context length: 4096 tokens
• Dataset(s): Polygl0t/gigakriya-v1
• Language: Bengali
• Batch size: 2,097,152 tokens
• Number of steps: 48,219
• GPU: 8 NVIDIA A100-SXM4-80GB
• Training time: ~ 94 hours
• Emissions: 146 KgCO2 (Germany)
• Total energy consumption: 384 kWh

This repository has the source code used to train this model. The full configuration used for training is available in this configuration file.

Learning Rate

This model was trained with a cosine learning rate schedule with a linear warmup over the first 1,000 steps to a peak learning rate of 7e-4, followed by a cosine decay to 7e-5. The minimum learning rate was reached and held constant for the last 10% of training. Checkpoints were saved every 2,500 steps, which equates to approximately 5 billion tokens.

The main branch of this repository contains the final checkpoint saved at step 48,219. All other checkpoints are available as separate branches. To load a specific checkpoint, you can use the following code snippet:

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_id = "Polygl0t/LilTii-v0.1"
revision = "step-2500"  # Change this to the desired checkpoint branch
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, revision=revision)

Or, you can access all the revisions for the models via the following code snippet:

from huggingface_hub import list_repo_refs
out = list_repo_refs("Polygl0t/LilTii-v0.1")
branches = [b.name for b in out.branches]
print(branches)

Learning Curves Gradient Norm (L2)

Intended Uses

The primary intended use LilTii is to serve as foundations for research and development involving native Bengali language modeling. Checkpoints saved during training are designed to provide a controlled setting for performing comparative experiments, specifically regarding the effects of active pretraining on the performance of currently available benchmarks. You may also fine-tune and adapt LilTii for deployment if your use follows the Apache 2.0 license. If you decide to use LilTii as a basis for your fine-tuned model, please conduct your own risk and bias assessment.

Out-of-scope Use

• LilTii is not intended for deployment. It is not an out-of-the-box product and should not be used for human-facing interactions.

• LilTii is for the Bengali language only and is unsuitable for text generation tasks in other languages.

• LilTii has not been fine-tuned for downstream tasks.

Basic usage

from transformers import GenerationConfig, TextGenerationPipeline, AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

# Specify the model and tokenizer
model_id = "Polygl0t/LilTii-v0.1"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id)

# Specify the generation parameters as you like
generation_config = GenerationConfig(
    **{
    "do_sample": True,
    "max_new_tokens": 150,
    "renormalize_logits": True,
    "repetition_penalty": 1.2,
    "temperature": 0.1,
    "top_k": 50,
    "top_p": 1.0,
    "use_cache": True, 
  }
)

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
generator = TextGenerationPipeline(model=model, task="text-generation", tokenizer=tokenizer, device=device)

# Generate text
prompt = "বাংলাদেশের রাজধানী হলো"
completion = generator(prompt, generation_config=generation_config)
print(completion[0]['generated_text'])

Limitations

Like almost all other language models trained on large text datasets scraped from the web, the LilTii shows behavior that does not make it an out-of-the-box solution to many real-world applications, especially those requiring factual, reliable, and nontoxic text generation. LilTii is subject to the following:

• Hallucinations: LilTii can produce content that can be mistaken as true facts, but are misleading or entirely false, i.e., hallucination.

• Biases and Toxicity: LilTii inherits the social and historical stereotypes from the data used to train it. Given these biases, the model can produce toxic content, i.e., harmful, offensive, or detrimental to individuals, groups, or communities.

• Language Limitations: LilTii is primarily designed to interact with Bengali. Other languages might challenge its comprehension, leading to potential misinterpretations or errors in response.

• Repetition and Verbosity: LilTii may get stuck on repetition loops (especially if the repetition penalty during generations is set to a meager value) or produce verbose responses unrelated to the prompt it was given.

Hence, even though LilTii is released with a permissive license, we urge users to perform their risk analysis on them if they intend to use them for real-world applications.

Evaluations

The table below compares our two versions of LilTii against other base models of similar size. The NPM (Normalized Performance Metric) is a metric designed to provide a balanced view of model performance across various tasks, accounting for the inherent difficulty of each task. It normalizes the performance of each model on a given task by comparing it to a baseline performance, which represents a the performance of a random model.

🏆 HellaSwag 🏆 PIQA-BN 🏆 ARC Challenge 🏆 CommonsenseQA-BN 🏆 OpenBookQA-BN 🏆 BoolQ-BN 🏆 MMLU 🏆 TruthfulQA 🏆 Bangla MMLU Aggregate NPM Across Benchmarks Performance vs Compute

This plot compares the compute requirements (measured as C = 6 * N * D, where N is the number of parameters and D is the number of tokens processed) against the performance of each model (measured by NPM mean). It highlights the trade-offs between model size, training data, and performance. LilTii models are compared against two baseline models: Qwen2.5-0.5B and Qwen3-0.6B-Base, which are state-of-the-art multilingual models.

Text Generation Examples

All models were prompted with the same Bengali prompts, and the generations were produced with the default parameters specified in the generation_config.json of each model. All models were set to generate up to 250 new tokens. LilTii models generally produce more text given their custom tokenizer and vocabulary, which is more adapted to Bengali.

Other Comparisons

Cite as 🤗

@misc{fatimah2026liltii,
  title={{LilTii: A 0.6B Bengali Language Model that Outperforms Qwen}},
  author={Shiza Fatimah and Aniket Sen and Sophia Falk and Florian Mai and Lucie Flek and Nicholas Kluge Corr{\^e}a},
  year={2026},
  howpublished={\url{https://hf.co/blog/Polygl0t/liltii}}
}

Aknowlegments

Polyglot is a project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWK) as part of TRA Sustainable Futures (University of Bonn) and the Excellence Strategy of the federal and state governments.

We also gratefully acknowledge the granted access to the Marvin cluster hosted by University of Bonn along with the support provided by its High Performance Computing & Analytics Lab.

License

LilTii is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. For more details, see the LICENSE file.