Mamba-3 vs. Transformer vs. Hybrid: Bangla checkpoints (3 architectures × 5 seeds)

These are the checkpoints for the MRL 2026 paper State Tracking vs. Attention in a Morphologically Rich Low-Resource Language: A Controlled Bangla Case Study with Mamba-3 (Farib, Meem, Islam, Arefin, and Anik).

The repository has 15 causal language models, each trained from scratch on 1B tokens of Bangla (FineWeb-2 ben_Beng). Seeds are 1337, 2024, 3419, 5150, and 8888. All models are matched at about 24.5M non-embedding parameters and share a 32k SentencePiece vocabulary.

Each folder has a checkpoint.pt and the matching config.json. checkpoint.pt holds a dict with the keys model (the state dict) and step. Other contents:

• tokenizer/: bn_bpe32k.model and bn_bpe32k.vocab.
• results/: per-seed perplexity and probe accuracy, plus seed-1 per-pair outputs.

In results/, s1 means seed 1337 and s2 means seed 2024.

Findings (5 seeds)

1. Mamba-3 and the hybrid have lower perplexity than the Transformer in every seed.
2. The Transformer's agreement accuracy declines as the subject–verb distance grows, significantly across seeds. Mamba-3's does not decline significantly, and neither does the hybrid's. The direct difference between the Transformer's and Mamba-3's slopes is not significant.
3. Most gaps between architectures on the agreement probes are not significant across seeds. Mamba-3's results vary much more from seed to seed than the Transformer's.

Usage

Loading a checkpoint needs the code from github.com/sahilaf/Mamba3_Bangla_Case_Study. Mamba-3 and the hybrid also need a CUDA GPU and mamba-ssm>=2.3.2.

python -m bangla_ssm.eval_minimal_pairs \
  --config transformer_seed1337/config.json --ckpt transformer_seed1337/checkpoint.pt \
  --sp_model tokenizer/bn_bpe32k.model --tsv sva.tsv --out results.json

The probe TSVs are in sahilfarib/bangla-agreement-probes.

Citation

@inproceedings{farib2026statetracking,
  title     = {State Tracking vs. Attention in a Morphologically Rich Low-Resource Language:
               A Controlled {B}angla Case Study with {M}amba-3},
  author    = {Sahil Al Farib and Momota Ahsana Meem and Sheikh Redwanul Islam and
               Khan Md Shams Arefin and Azizur Rahman Anik},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Multilingual Representation Learning (MRL 2026)},
  year      = {2026},
  note      = {To appear}
}

The models are trained on FineWeb-2 (ODC-By 1.0) and released under the MIT license.