SentenceTransformer based on google/embeddinggemma-2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from google/embeddinggemma-2 on the sentence-transformers/all-nli dataset. It maps inputs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: google/embeddinggemma-2
• Maximum Sequence Length: 1000000000000000019884624838656 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Supported Modalities: Text, Image, Audio, Video, Message
• Training Dataset:
  • sentence-transformers/all-nli
• Language: en
• License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'transformer_task': 'feature-extraction', 'modality_config': {'text': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'image': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'audio': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'video': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'message': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state', 'format': 'structured'}}, 'module_output_name': 'token_embeddings', 'architecture': 'EmbeddingGemma2Model'})
  (1): Pooling({'embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode': 'mean', 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize({'module_input_name': 'sentence_embedding', 'module_output_name': 'sentence_embedding'})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("ML-Intern-lab/embeddinggemma-2-allnli-triplet")
# Run inference
queries = [
    'Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.',
]
documents = [
    'Two woman are holding packages.',
    'Two kids in numbered jerseys wash their hands.',
    'A man selling donuts to a customer.',
]
query_embeddings = model.encode_query(queries)
document_embeddings = model.encode_document(documents)
print(query_embeddings.shape, document_embeddings.shape)
# [1, 768] [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(query_embeddings, document_embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[0.8584, 0.3772, 0.3133]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

• Dataset: all-nli-dev
• Evaluated with TripletEvaluator

Training Details

Training Dataset

sentence-transformers/all-nli

• Dataset: sentence-transformers/all-nli
• Size: 557,850 training samples
• Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
• Approximate statistics based on the first 100 samples:

  	anchor	positive	negative
  type	string	string	string
  modality	text	text	text
  details	min: 8 tokens mean: 14.08 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 13.85 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 14.85 tokens max: 28 tokens

• Samples:

  anchor	positive	negative
  A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.	A person is outdoors, on a horse.	A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette.
  Children smiling and waving at camera	There are children present	The kids are frowning
  A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.	The boy does a skateboarding trick.	The boy skates down the sidewalk.

• Loss: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "mini_batch_size": 16,
      "mini_batch_num_tokens": null,
      "gather_across_devices": false,
      "directions": [
          "query_to_doc"
      ],
      "partition_mode": "joint",
      "hardness_mode": null,
      "hardness_strength": 0.0
  }
  

Evaluation Dataset

sentence-transformers/all-nli

• Dataset: sentence-transformers/all-nli
• Size: 6,584 evaluation samples
• Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
• Approximate statistics based on the first 100 samples:

  	anchor	positive	negative
  type	string	string	string
  modality	text	text	text
  details	min: 7 tokens mean: 17.35 tokens max: 38 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 9.86 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 10.28 tokens max: 18 tokens

• Samples:

  anchor	positive	negative
  Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.	Two woman are holding packages.	The men are fighting outside a deli.
  Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink.	Two kids in numbered jerseys wash their hands.	Two kids in jackets walk to school.
  A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles	A man selling donuts to a customer.	A woman drinks her coffee in a small cafe.

• Loss: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "mini_batch_size": 16,
      "mini_batch_num_tokens": null,
      "gather_across_devices": false,
      "directions": [
          "query_to_doc"
      ],
      "partition_mode": "joint",
      "hardness_mode": null,
      "hardness_strength": 0.0
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: 1500
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• warmup_steps: 0.1
• bf16: True
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: 1500
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: None
• warmup_steps: 0.1
• optim: adamw_torch_fused
• optim_args: None
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• optim_target_modules: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• average_tokens_across_devices: True
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• bf16: True
• fp16: False
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• use_liger_kernel: False
• liger_kernel_config: None
• use_cache: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: no
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• disable_tqdm: False
• project: huggingface
• trackio_space_id: None
• trackio_bucket_id: None
• trackio_static_space_id: None
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• prediction_loss_only: True
• eval_on_start: False
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• include_for_metrics: []
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• save_only_model: False
• save_on_each_node: False
• enable_jit_checkpoint: False
• push_to_hub: False
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_always_push: False
• hub_revision: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• full_determinism: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• use_cpu: False
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• parallelism_config: None
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• dataloader_multiprocessing_context: None
• dataloader_in_order: True
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• train_sampling_strategy: random
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• ddp_static_graph: None
• ddp_backend: None
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• fsdp: None
• fsdp_config: None
• deepspeed: None
• debug: []
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• do_predict: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• local_rank: -1
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
• router_mapping: {}
• learning_rate_mapping: {}
• warmup_ratio: None

Training Logs

Training Time

• Training: 2.1 hours
• Evaluation: 12.4 minutes
• Total: 2.3 hours

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.12.12
• Sentence Transformers: 6.1.0
• Transformers: 5.19.0
• PyTorch: 2.14.1+cu130
• Accelerate: 1.15.0
• Datasets: 5.1.0
• Tokenizers: 0.23.3

Additional Resources

• Training and Finetuning Embedding Models with Sentence Transformers: the end-to-end guide for training or finetuning Sentence Transformer models.
• Introduction to Matryoshka Embedding Models: variable-size embeddings that can be truncated with minimal quality loss.
• Binary and Scalar Embedding Quantization for Significantly Faster & Cheaper Retrieval: post-training compression of embedding vectors.
• Multimodal Embedding & Reranker Models with Sentence Transformers: use text, image, audio, and video models through the same API.
• Training and Finetuning Multimodal Embedding & Reranker Models with Sentence Transformers: train multimodal embedding models, with a Visual Document Retrieval walkthrough.

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{gao2021scaling,
    title={Scaling Deep Contrastive Learning Batch Size under Memory Limited Setup},
    author={Luyu Gao and Yunyi Zhang and Jiawei Han and Jamie Callan},
    year={2021},
    eprint={2101.06983},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{oord2019representationlearningcontrastivepredictive,
      title={Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding},
      author={Aaron van den Oord and Yazhe Li and Oriol Vinyals},
      year={2019},
      eprint={1807.03748},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03748},
}