Fietje 2 Chat
An open and efficient LLM for Dutch👱♀️ Base version - 🤖 Instruct version - 💬 Chat version (this one) - 🚀 GGUF of Chat
This is the chat version of Fietje, a DPO-tuned (aligned) continuation on the instruct version. Fietje is an adapated version of microsoft/phi-2, tailored to Dutch text generation by training on 28B tokens. It is small and efficient with a size of 2.7 billion parameters while performing almost on par with more powerful Dutch LLMs of twice its size like GEITje 7B Ultra.
A thorough description of the creation and evaluation of Fietje as well as usage examples are available in this Github repository.
Citation
If you use Fietje or the CulturaX + Wikipedia filtered subset in your work, please cite to the following paper:
@article{vanroy2024fietje,
author="Vanroy, Bram",
title="Fietje: An open, efficient LLM for Dutch",
url="https://www.clinjournal.org/clinj/article/view/213",
journal="Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal",
volume="14",
year="2025",
pages="473--504"
}
Intended uses & limitations
The same limitations as phi-2, and LLMs in general, apply here. LLMs hallucinate, make mistakes, and should not be trusted. Use at your own risk!
Training and evaluation data
Fietje 2 Chat was finetuned from the instruct model on the following datasets. Number of training samples per dataset given in brackets, totalling 18,653 samples.
- BramVanroy/ultra_feedback_dutch_cleaned subset
dpo_hq: a cleaned version of BramVanroy/ultra_feedback_dutch (9186) - BramVanroy/orca_dpo_pairs_dutch_cleaned subset
dpo_all: a cleaned version of BramVanroy/orca_dpo_pairs_dutch (9467)
A lot of different learning rates, beta, en batch sizes were investigated in search of a converging combination. You can find them all in the W&B runs.
Training procedure
I am thankful to the Flemish Supercomputer Center (VSC) for providing the computational power to accomplish this project. Accounting for waiting for jobs, training a single run took around nine hours on one A100 80GB.
Training was done with the wonderful alignment-handbook, using DeepSpeed as a back-end. Exact training recipes and SLURM script are given in the Github repository.
Training hyperparameters
The following hyperparameters were used during training:
- beta: 0.2
- learning_rate: 2e-06
- train_batch_size: 8
- eval_batch_size: 4
- seed: 42
- distributed_type: multi-GPU
- gradient_accumulation_steps: 2
- total_train_batch_size: 16
- optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.98) and epsilon=1e-07
- lr_scheduler_type: cosine
- lr_scheduler_warmup_ratio: 0.1
- num_epochs: 1.0
Training results
| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Rewards/chosen | Rewards/rejected | Rewards/accuracies | Rewards/margins | Logps/rejected | Logps/chosen | Logits/rejected | Logits/chosen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2515 | 1.0 | 1166 | 0.2842 | -1.1549 | -3.6363 | 0.8867 | 2.4815 | -657.6813 | -451.3364 | -1.2868 | -1.3528 |
Framework versions
- Transformers 4.39.1
- Pytorch 2.1.2+cu121
- Datasets 2.18.0
- Tokenizers 0.15.2
License
21/10/2026: the no_robots_dutch dataset was derived from a non-commercially available dataset. Its license was initally incorrectly specified as Apache 2.0, which allowed Fietje to instruct/chat to be released under MIT. However, this has now been rectified: Fietje Instruct and Fietje Chat may not be used for commercial purposes.